The Femme Fatale Alex Forrest Lady Bertilak Alyson of...

Since the beginning of time, women have been seen as different from men. Their beauty and charms have been interpreted as both endearing and deadly to men. In the Bible, it was Eve’s mistake that led to humanity’s exile from the Garden of Eden. However, unlike in the Bible, in today’s world, women who drive men to ruin do not do so through simple mistakes and misunderstandings, they do so while fully aware of what effects their sexuality can cause. One thing remains constant through these portrayals of women, and that is that they are portrayed as flawed creations and therefore monstrous. It is a woman’s sex drive and sexuality that can lead to her monstrosity. The femme fatale is an enticing, exquisitely beautiful, erotic character who†¦show more content†¦She seduces him, pursues him on the phone, and informs him that she is going to have the child of his that she is carrying, kidnaps his daughter, Ellen, and finally breaks into his home wieldin g a huge butcher knife. At each juncture, Dan is helpless to prevent this incremental invasion, though he confesses cries, yells at detectives, and tucks his daughter into bed, exhibiting all the characteristics of the perfect husband and father of the eighties.† (117) Ellis states that Alex behave this way because Dan was denying her in his life. She just wants to be part of his world. For this reason, she is willing to commit murder in order to take over as Dan’s wife further contributes to her monstrosity. Alex’s actions may be monstrous, but they do bring up an interesting double standard, she is blamed for seducing Dan into having an affair, but he is not blamed for having been unfaithful to his wife. In this way, it is implied that a woman has a power over a man that she is not allowed to exercise, and a man tempted by a woman should not be held accountable for his actions. According to Ellis, â€Å"I dont have a hopeful note on which to end, but Id like to leave you with the possibility that the women in Fatal Attraction embody what yet remains to be done. For the phenomenon of Alex Forrest does not leave Beth Gallagher free of monstrosity by the end of the movie. (Ellis 120) Alex monstrosity is shown at the

The Issue Of Political Participation - 1928 Words

Political participation is a right afforded to United States citizens; it is our civic duty to participate and is ultimately a privilege. The founders believed that it was the newly founded government’s responsibility to protect the basic rights of the people. With those beliefs they made the United States of America, a two-tiered, three-branch democracy and therefore the people hold the power to freely elect who they want to represent them in government. The local representatives, we elect push for laws of interest to the majority and provide them with the resources that they need. The president implements and enforces laws that Congress passes. With such social ramifications and power granted to government representatives it would seem as though nearly everyone should be invested in political matters and actively engaged in political participation. Among the easiest ways to get involved politically is through the voting process and elections, others are symbolic participatio n, civil society participation, protesting, marching, contacting public officials, being part of election campaigns and even running for office. While voting is among the easiest ways to be a part of this democracy, the turnout is low. The right to vote has opened up to a larger number of people through legislation, but still the turnout rate is low. There are factors that show a correlation in the chance of whether or not one will vote, and are very telling in some instances. Voting in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedParticipation Of A Democratic System Of Governance1575 Words   |  7 PagesParticipation is more of how the youths conduct themselves during election in helping them make informed decisions. Participation requires that the youth be at the Centre of decision-making processes. This is critical because in a democratic system of governance, rule by the people is the underlying and founding principle of democracy. Engagement is about making them become agents of change, helping them ascend to decision making institutions. Opportunities for youth to participate in politicalRead MoreCitizen Participation : An Individual Choice956 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment, citizen participation is essential and beneficial in order to ensure everyone’s opinions will be heard and represented. With a wide range of morals, socioeconomic statuses, personalities, and knowledge existing among the American population, citizens’ participation in the democratic system range from dedicated, involved, and uninvolved. The upbringing and life situation of individuals directly affects their governmental decisions including their stances on issues the country faces. CitizensRead MorePolitical Participation Of Women Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesUN Women Topic: Encouraging Political Participation by Women School: Williamston High School Delegate: Lia Bommarito Throughout history, women were not seen as equal to men. Even in 2017, marginalization and oppression still persists in many regions and states. Because of a long history of sexism and institutionalized that dates back to the first functional societies, women are discouraged from participating in society politically. Oftentimes the political participation of a group can be measuredRead MoreIs The Contemporary Crisis Participation For Traditional Forms Of Political Participation? Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagescrisis in participation can be defined as a serious situation in which there has been a drop in, or lack of citizens engaging in political activities designed to influence government decision making. In this essay, I will demonstrate how there is a contemporary crisis in participation in traditional forms of political participation. This is however more significant amongst young and unskilled groups. I will show how there is an increase in participation in more informal method s of participation as socialRead MoreU.S. Voter Participation Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesU.S. Voter Participation In a pluralist country such as America, there are numerous opinions over what societys goals should be, and the best method of achieving them. In theory, every American citizen has an equal say in the political affairs of this county. By participating in politics, people air their voices and thereby contribute to nation through representatives, hence the term representative democracy. It may seem to be beyond argument that political participation is a key objectiveRead MoreEssay on How Does Facebook and Twitter Affect Social Interaction1257 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is more interconnected than ever before. The invention of the internet, cellphones, and computers have almost made everyone and everything within the reach of our fingertips. With the evolution of communications technology, methods of political participation and civic engagement have also changed to adapt to this advance made by mankind. Before, our choice was limited to holding demonstrations, going out to the street s, and protesting in order for our voices to be heard. Consequently, we had noRead MoreRelationship Between Social Capital And Political Participation Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagescitizenry’s political participation, as it is the core of their ideals. Without the engagement of a vast number of individuals, the different processes of self-governance may decay and be left vulnerable to authoritarian control. But what constitutes political participation? Where do citizens harness their will to become engaged in the process? Tocqueville’s analysis of associations can be linked to the concept of social capital, which will help us understand the trends of political participation amongRead MoreCivic Duty And Participation Of The United States1255 Words   |  6 Pageshave seen a decline in civic participation and duty in the United States. People can argue many different reasons on why there has been a decline in civic duty and participation, but the most influential caus es are due to electoral campaigning, parental socialization, as well as news sources. These three issues have lead to a generational decline in United States political participation and these issues need to be fixed. If we cannot find a way of fixing these issues, our nation will see democracyRead MoreEssay about Cynicism of the American Political Process1009 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical inactivity on the part of young Americans stems from one fundamental source -- a general cynicism of the American political process. This disdain for politics is further perpetuated by a lack of voter education and a needlessly archaic voting procedure that creates barriers to voting where they need not exist. While many of these existing problems can be rectified with relative ease through the implementation of programs such as Internet voting and better voter education, such programsRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Civil War944 Words   |  4 Pagesbear on political action, participating in th e Civil War (Magagna). In this way, anti-slavery issue became religious politics. Likewise, based on the personal religious belief, when a specific issue creates the incentives for individual and group actions, the issue becomes religious politics, and when a certain issue generates the incentives for collective action of religious institutions, it becomes political religion; In American Grace, Putnam and Campbell depict how sexual morality issues, specifically

Theme Of Selfishness In The Lottery - 790 Words

Are You Willing to Kill Your Family to Save Yourself? Shirley Jackson’s twisted story, â€Å"The Lottery,† takes place in a small town with a measly population of about 300 people. In the story, Tessie Hutchinson, a well-known civilian in the town is one of the 300 people with their lives at risk when the annual Lottery is held. The lottery is a system of selecting a family, then selecting a member of that family to be killed. In this town, and probably everywhere else in the world, no one wants to be the one to die. The reason why the lottery is held is unknown, as the text has not explicitly stated a reason. A possible lesson that â€Å"The Lottery† promotes is that selfishness is human nature. Selfishness by itself can be so overpowering that it†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Hutchinson is selfish because she is willing to literally sacrifice and kill her darlings to save herself. The selfishness from the crowd prevents themselves from assisting Tessie in her distress, realizing that helping Tessie would put their lives at risk. For example, if the audience was unselfish, they would’ve helped Tessie and the Hutchinsons were allowed to draw a different slip, then that would put them at risk of death when they were safe before because their family member could draw the marked slip. The crowd stayed quiet so that they would stay safe. Jackson states, â€Å"The crowd was quiet†¦ the sound of the whisper reached the edges of the crowd.† If staying quiet means safety to the crowd, then the crowd would definitely stay silent. The two women’s selfishness was so strong that they even went against Tessie to keep themselves alive. Jackson adds,â€Å" ‘Be a good sport, Tessie.’ Mrs. Delacroix called, and Mrs. Graves said, ‘All of us took the same chance.’ † Jackson adding this reveals how Mrs. Delacroix and Mrs. G raves are selfish enough to completely eliminate their chances of death by guaranteeing someone else’s family member to death, which in this case, was guaranteeing one of the Hutchinsons to death. As a result from the town’s selfishness, between Tessie and the crowd, Tessie suffered the annual death by having rocks thrown at her. Children andShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalytic Criticism Of The Lottery999 Words   |  4 PagesJackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the story begins on a sunny day that imposes gossip and frenzy around the town. In this location, they conduct a â€Å"lottery† that involves the families of the town to go into a drawing. Once the drawing is done, the family that is chosen is forced to commence into another lottery between themselves. The winner of the lottery is used as a sacrifice for the town and is pelted by stones thrown from the community, including children. Furthermore, the basis of â€Å"The Lottery† has to doRead MoreThe Theme Of Luck In The Lottery And The Rocking Horse Winner1514 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Thesis Statement This paper will examine the theme of luck in both The Lottery and The Rocking Horse Winner and show how in both narratives good luck and bad luck are excuses for good and bad decisions. Outline Introduction The Theme of Luck How Both Stories Use the Theme of Luck to Unearth the Real Causes of Tragedy in Peoples Lives The Lottery and Institutionalized Stoning The Sinful Nature of Men The Inversion of the Golden Rule Mrs. Hutchinsons Death Whose Fault? Read MoreThe Lottery Shirley Jackson Analysis1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the story conducts a â€Å"lottery† that involves the families of the town to go into a drawing. Once the drawing is done, the winner of the lottery is used as a sacrifice in the town and is pelted by stones thrown from the community, including children. Furthermore, the basis of â€Å"The Lottery† has to do with psychological problems and influence. Psychoanalysis is built upon Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychology, which asserts that the human mind is affected by theirRead MoreWinners Will Be Executed Short Story Analysis1085 Words   |  5 PagesWinning a lottery is a good thing, right? Someone buys a ticket, then scratches it off or waits to see if they hold the winning number in their hands. However, that is not the case in Shirley Jackson’s world of â€Å"The Lottery†. In her critically acclaimed short story, a sma ll town gathers in the village square and draws a name out of a box, and the ‘winner’ of their lottery is brutally stoned to death. All of this is done in a calm and orderly fashion, as well as without question. The lottery is a yearlyRead More21st Century Spin On Literature1463 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluating, and even interpreting the literature standpoint that you receive from picking up a good book. The three themes from the book How to Read Literature Like a Professor, written by Thomas C. Foster, can be applied to pieces of literature such as Frank Stockton’s â€Å"The Lady or the Tiger?†, Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†, and â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Several themes in How to Read Literature Like a Professor like â€Å"Nice to Eat You: Acts of Vampires,† â€Å"Now Where Have I SeenRead MoreTheme Of The Lottery By W D. Valgardson1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is a great impact on their destiny. Literature often reveals how children’s behaviour is a reflection of adult actions. This is an apparent theme in the short stories, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"Celebration† by W.D. Valgardson. In Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery,† residents of a small village gather together for their annual drawing of the lottery. The tradition begins with the head of each household drawing a piece of paper from a black box. Once everyone has drawn, they unfold their slipsRead MoreCritical Analysis for The Lottery1205 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis for â€Å"The Lottery† Shirley Jacksons short story, The Lottery, aroused much controversy and criticism in 1948, following its debut publication, in the New Yorker. Jackson uses irony and comedy to suggest an underlying evil, hypocrisy, and weakness of human kind. The story takes place in a small village, where the people are close and tradition is paramount. A yearly event, called the lottery, is one in which one person in the town is randomly chosen, by a drawing, to be violentlyRead MoreContagion And Gattaca Analysis1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn faces of crises, people may go to any lengths to pursue what they feel is necessary. The films Contagion, directed by Steven Soderbergh in 2010, and GATTACA, directed by Andrew Niccol in 1997, both explore themes of morality in times of crises, whether these crises are of personal nature or affect a widespread population. Both films explore ethical implications of technology as it pertains to scientific development, and in addition weaves in a narrative surrounding various moral decisions regardingRead MoreLottery Analysis Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesThis Lottery is a short story written by Shirley Jackson. It was first published in the New Yorker on June 26th 1948. The story takes place on June 27th in a small American village with a population of around 300 people. June 27th is the annual celebration of the lottery, which, in the story, takes places on the same day in nearly every city, town and village. Every person in the village has to take place in the lottery. Due to the small size of the population, the takes place in less than two hoursRead More Human Consciousness Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Consciousness Erich Fromm and Shirley Jackson have both written wonderful true-life affecting essays and should be awarded for them. I appreciate both stories and feel they both set tales to learn from and live by. As a combined theme for both I ‘ld say â€Å"human consciousness is more then a gift†. And read on to see what I mean. In Erich Fromm we notice a compassionate concern for the unfolding of life. Fromm claims that the growing process of the emergence of the individual from his original

Traditional Education Vs. Online Education - 1026 Words

Nahida Sultana Dr. Rachel C. Henderson English 1101 29 October 2015 Traditional Education vs. Online Education Nowadays, education is becoming one of the fundamental things in a human lifetime; most people are trying to achieve a higher education. As technology develops considerably, it has bearings on every area of our life, even in the way of education. The development of technology has a large impact on education. Before this progression of technology, the education system was only traditional. Currently, the education system has been changed. The development of technology has allowed the education system online along with traditionally. Traditional and online instructions are both great ways to learn. While both types of instructions have the same purpose of educating students having good skills about everything, but there are some significant differences between them such as flexibility, learning the course content, communication, and the cost. The first distinction between traditional education and online education is flexibility. The motivation of flexible learning is offering students choices about when, where and how they learn. It assists students to acquire skills and characteristics to adapt successfully to shift. Traditional education requires a particular place or environment for learning and instruction. It limits the number of students that can study at the same time and it would depend on the size of class and education institution. Moreover, traditionalShow MoreRelatedOnline Education vs Traditional Education1666 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Education vs. Traditional Education Nowadays, with the technology furtherance and the increased use of the internet, online education has gained significant acceptance and popularity all over the world. Not too long ago, online education offered no competition to traditional education .Today, with more choices being offered online, traditional education is now facing a number of challenges in every level. This has as a result, the competition between those two educational programs, havingRead MoreOnline Education Vs. Traditional Education1221 Words   |  5 PagesBenefits of Online Education Factions and supporters of online education express many advantages of online education compared to old-style classroom instruction. First, enrollment options are offered to each student to study online for most degree plans, with a flexible enrollment option and from any location, free from a competitive student classroom environment (Frame et al., 2015). Second, online education provides the student the option to work their assignments from home or any location atRead MoreOnline Education Vs Traditional Education1390 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Education Vs Traditional Education In the present world, there are a lot of options for a student to choose for his education. Each and every student learning technique are different and learn differently and in today’s world of increasing technology, the question will be whether to offer classes or take up classes online, but rather how to implement them effectively and efficiently. Hence a student must have to weigh a huge list of pros and cons before they choose one of the two optionsRead MoreOnline vs. Traditional Education1096 Words   |  5 PagesOnline vs. Traditional Education Have you ever had the opportunity to take online classes? Have you even heard of online classes? If you haven’t, you are missing out on a great opportunity. Online education is rapidly becoming a popular alternative to traditional education. It is offering more flexibility for students and providing individuals with better opportunities for postsecondary education. Even though traditional education has been the only form of education for hundreds of yearsRead MoreOnline vs Traditional Education1054 Words   |  5 PagesOnline vs. Traditional Education With the increase in use of the Internet, more people are online to make purchases, research information and now gain an online education. Online education is on the rise. People are choosing to get an online education more so now because people are busier than ever and more jobs are requiring a college education. Also with these larger companies closing and laying off employees, people who once had a job are now faced with the challenge of looking for a new jobs-sometimesRead MoreOnline vs Traditional Education1149 Words   |  5 Pagescollege education and expand my career choices. I believe having an education is very important, if you want to be successful in your life. When looking at which school I was going to attend, I had to look at all aspects of my education. One of the first questions I asked myself was should I attend an online school or go to a traditional school? There two choices when looking to obtain a college education; the choices are online education or a tradi tional education. Online and traditional educationsRead MoreTraditional Vs. Online Education944 Words   |  4 Pagesand Contrast Traditional vs. Online As this world s technology is progressing so is the way we teach and learn. Ever since school started hundreds of years ago it s always been a teacher in a live classroom with many students. Everything is shifting, however; and now we have transitioned into online classes as well. I have had both, and I can tell you there are many comparisons and contrasts between the two. 77% of educators believe that online learning is just as good as traditional learning, ifRead MoreEssay on Online Education vs. Traditional Education1083 Words   |  5 PagesOnline Education vs. Traditional Education Online Education vs. Traditional Education While most believe online education is easy as the student is just sitting in front of the computer, attending class online is more challenging than attending class in a classroom because requires time management skills and requires self-discipline. Attending college online requires the college student to have excellent time management skills. The majority of online students have responsibilitiesRead MoreOnline Education Vs Traditional Education1657 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing online learning. Which is the better option: traditional or online classes? Online education has become more and more popular with a â€Å"3.9% increase in the number of [online] education students† (2015) and â€Å"5.8 million students enrolled in online courses in the fall of 2014† (2015). When we look at the nuts and bolts of a traditional classroom setting compared to an online classroom setting, it becomes clear that online classes are the way to go. Not only do the many benefits of online learningRead MoreOnline Education Vs Traditional Education840 Words   |  4 PagesOnline education provides an individual with much more flexibility than the traditional education. Students that take online courses are provided with the facili ty to work along with carrying on their studies. Many students with great potential are not able to continue their studies just because they are not able to afford the fee and other expenses associated with education. Online education brings students back to the world of academia by providing them with flexible schedules. The students can

Epidemiology Persistent Psychological Disorder

Question: Discuss about theEpidemiologyfor Persistent Psychological Disorder. Answer: Introduction Schizophrenia is an acute and persistent psychological disorder, which influences the thought process, feelings and behavioral pattern of a person. They seem to lose touch and connection from the reality. The symptoms of Schizophrenia are extremely disabling. The signs generally emerge within the age group of 16 to 30 years (Ripke et al., 2014). The symptoms can be categorized as positive, negative and cognitive. The positive symptoms are the frantic behavioral patterns that are not commonly seen in healthy subjects. They include hallucination, delusion, unusual thinking pattern and restricted body movements (Ripke et al., 2014). The negative symptoms are further drastic and results in memory impairment. The patients have reduced pleasure in day-to-day life, reduced expression of thoughts and feelings, difficulty in sustaining and starting actions and reduced speech. The cognitive symptoms are sometimes precised in some people while in others they are serious. The symptoms include la ck of comprehensibility and attention. Schizophrenia has several predisposing factors that contribute to the development of the disease. They can be due to genetic inheritance and several environmental factors like virus exposure, lack of nutrition before birth, problems during the gestation period and delivery. The other factors include psychosocial determinants, difference in brain structure and chemistry (Stadnick, Haine-Schlagel Martinez, 2016). Obstetrics or obstetric events are related to the process of childbirth. The obstetric events are increasing the incidence and chances of schizophrenia. The epidemiological studies have investigated the incidence rate and frequency of the disease across a wide range of population and geography (Beary, Hodgson Wildgust, 2012). The assignment vividly discusses the rationale of the study, overview of a peer reviewed article and review of few other related articles to assess the associations between obstetric events and risk of developing Scizophrenia. Overview of a Peer Reviewed Article According to a Danish national register based study, a nested case control study was made to examine the obstetric events associated with the risk of developing Schizophrenia. 1039 subjects were taken as samples who were not previously contacted by the Danish Psychiatric services that were under the ICD-8 or ICD-10 diagnosis of the disease and 24,826 subjects were taken as controls. The obstetric factors, family history of psychiatry, sociological and economical factors along with demographic determinants were the considered risk factors. The chance of developing Schizophrenia was found to be associated with a range of obstetric events. The incidence rate ratio was 2.08, with 95% confidence interval at 1.0 and 4.4 in maternal non-attendance at antenatal appointments. The incidence rate ratio was 1.51, with 95% confidence interval at 1 and 2.2 in the duration of gestational period or below. The incidence rate ratio was 8.2, with 95% confidence interval at 1.4 and 48.8 in the maternal influenza. The incidence rate ratio was 2.72, with confidence interval of 955 at 1.0 and 7.3 in preeclampsia. In cases of threatened premature delivery, the incidence rate ratio was 2.39, with 95% confidence interval at 1.4 and 4.1. The incidence rate ratio was found to be 2.43 with 95% confidence interval at 1.1 and 5.6 in cases where hemorrhage occurred during the delivery of the baby. In cases where the babies have been extracted manually, the incidence interval ratio was found to be 2.15, with confidence interval of 95% at 1.1 and 4.4. In cases of maternal sepsis during childbirth and puerperium, the incidence rate ratio was found to be 2.91, with confidence interval of 95% at 1.1 and 7.9. Univariate models and multivariate models were used for estimations of the interaction between the several obstetric factors. The various criteria like family history, demographic factors, age, and mothers citizenship were used for the analysis and interpretation of results. Significant intera ctions were not witnessed in case of either of the models. It was finally stated that a strong association might be found between risk of developing the disease and factors. The factors are hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia and rupturing of membrane during and prior to the labor period (Dalman et al., 1999). The risk of developing the disease increased significantly on exposure to pre-eclampsia, hypoxia might develop during delivery and was found to be associated with hemorrhage. Obstetric complications like pre-matured birth, pre term delivery, anemia of the mother and manual extraction are the other associated factors that increase the probability of its occurrence. The study did not find any significant or prominent interaction among the various obstetric factors and sex or family history of psychosis. However, the data obtained during the conduct of the experimental study indicated that there was an association between a range of obstetric determinants and likelihood of developing Schiz ophrenia. The determinants of obstetric events were prematurity, infections to the mother, maternal behavioral pattern and hypoxia indicators. The association was found by making fewer adjustments with the most possible confounding factors (Byrne et al., 2007). Critical Appraisal on Observed Association Between Exposure and Outcome using Hierarchy of Evidence According to a study, association between the obstetric events and chances of development of Schizophrenia was found. 538 children were taken as case with Autism Spectrum disorder, which is a form of Schizophrenia, 163 of them was taken who had developmental delays. 421 individuals were taken as developmental controls. The information related to exposure were taken via telephonic interviews. The outcomes were confirmed clinically. It was found that neither of the Autism Spectrum Disorder and developmental delays were found to be associated with influenza rather they were found to have associations with maternal fever during the gestation period. The association between maternal fever (exposure) and the disorder or delays (outcomes) was due to the biological mechanism. When bacteria or virus invade the human body, leukocytes respond by stimulation of the inter-leukins and interferon. This results in elevation of the temperature. However, there are multiple pathways for induction of th e fever by interleukins. It had been reported that associations had been found between maternal infections and risk of neurological developmental disorders (Zerbo et al., 2013). A study was made on obstetric complications and schizophrenia. The study compared the incidence of obstetric events among children of such mothers who had schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and the control groups included normal healthy children. The study also investigated the relation between the obstetric complications and mortality rate of children with such psychiatric disorders. The females who were born within the period of 1916-1948 were monitored who were admitted for the first time in the Helsinki Psychiatric hospitals. 271 cases and 242 controls were selected for the study. The Cox regression model were applied for assessment and analysis of the exposure and outcome association. It was reported at the end of the study that the hazard rate ratio was 3.73 with confidence interval of 95% at 1.27 and 11.01 in case of maternal infections. In the cases of hypertension during the pregnancy period, the hazard rate ratio was found to be 4.09 with confidence interval of 95% at 1.15 an d 14.58. In cases of placental abnormalities, the ratio was found to be 4.09 with confidence interval of 95% at 1.59 and 10.49. Hence, it was assessed and concluded that the risk of developing Schizophrenia developed with the associated obstetric complications.. It implies that there is a modest association between exposure and outcome (Suvisaari et al., 2013). According to a case-control study, the obstetric complications along with other factors like dysfunctional motor activities and others were associated with risk of developing Schizophrenia. The case group consisted of the subjects diagnosed with Schizophrenia and control groups were selected from the healthy population. The interactions between the obstetric factors and risk of development of the disease were found to be strong. However, the lack of sufficient prospective data was considered as the limitations of the study (Laurens et al., 2015). According to a study, it was found that the psychological state of the mother could have negative impact on the pregnancy and the fetal health. The study measured the exposure levels of a selected population with similar complications and risk factors rather than assessment at the individual level. The studies examined that the maternal stress was linked with the outcomes. The off springs were diagnosed with the disease and the interactions had been found between the obstetric events and the outcomes of the disease (Kenny, Everard Khashan, 2014). A study analyzed the association between the obstetric events and later development of Schizophrenia. A cohort study was made in Australia, which examined the stress full experience of the mothers during the pregnancy period and occurrence of the disease in the off springs in later phase of life. The results of the study showed that the prenatal stressful incidents had indirect relationship with behavioral problems in the children. There was no such interactions observed in cases where the individuals were selected within the age group of 5. It was found that above 5 years the children showed some levels of behavioral changes and were diagnosed with Psychiatric disorders. The study further confirmed the part played by the stressful prenatal period by further analysis of the children at early developmental stages (Betts et al., 2014). A study examined the associations between perinatal factors and risk of development of psychiatric disorders like Schizophrenia. The study involved 56 subjects with psychological disorder related to the perinatal complications. The study was based on case-control design. The sample cases were selected from a national registered sample that was assessed during the period of 1988-2000. The controls were selected from healthy population who had no psychiatric diagnosis. The statistical logistic regression technique was used to compare the exposure and outcomes in the case and control groups. It was found that the asphyxia and delivery complications might contribute to the risk of developing the psychiatric disorder. The other important finding of the study was that the disorder was dependant on the selected control population. It reported significant associations of the disease with low birth weight, premature birth. However, the study had limitations of using selected sample with the d isease. It can be implied that there were strong associations of the disease found to be linked with obstetric factors and genetic factors (Fazel et al., 2012). According to a study, Schizophrenia is the outcome of early neurological developmental abnormalities, which involves obstetric events. The study was based on case-control design. The study involved 67 healthy participants and 29 patients with the disease. The assessments were made for duration of 0 to 8 weeks. Assessments of clinical aspects as well as neurological status were made for two hours. Obstetric complications were assessed in the study based on national health registry. It was assessed on the bases of maternal health prior to the birth of the babies as well as their mental and physical health status during the gestation period along with other associated obstetric complications. It was found that poor neurological developments are due to obstetric complications to some extent. The gestational length was the parameter to be assessed, which showed that the lengthy gestational period contributed to the development of the disease (Teigset, Mohn Rund, 2016). According to a study, environmental factors of the prenatal and perinatal aspects elevated the chances of developing Schizophrenia. The study involved 457 participants. It was reported that the obstetric events as birth weight of the babies was a contributing factor to the risk of schizophrenia. The high birth weight of more than 400 grams was found to be associated with the higher risks of the disease (Wegelius et al., 2015). A study analyzed the association of genetic inheritance, maternal stress and such obstetric events with schizophrenia. Genetic risk factors as well as environmental factors were taken into consideration for assessing the association between the exposure and outcome. It was found that the prenatal and factors related to family setup was associated with schizophrenia (Walder et al., 2014). According to a study, it was investigated that there were associations between psychological disorders in parents and risk of developing schizophrenia. The study involved 10,526 subjects. It was a cohort-control study. The reports said that high weight of the babies at birth and higher levels of literacy among the mothers were the contributing factor to the disease development (Keskinen et al., 2013). According to a study, restrictions in the growth of fetus were associated with the risk of developing schizophrenia. It was a cohort study based on population. The odds ratio or the incidence rate of the study regarding the disease showed that the risk of the disease increased proportionally with decrease in the birth weight. It was identified that among 15,622 pre-eclampsia births, 49 people were diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, further investigations could be carried regarding the associations between fetal growth retardation and developing the disease (Eide et al., 2013). A study was conducted to examine the associations between psychological disorders like schizophrenia and obstetric events. The obstetric complication considered in this study was delivery, pre and post birth complications. It was based on a case-control design. 124 children and adults were involved in the study. The results of the study stated that the children and adults with mothers having obstetric complications were at higher risk of developing schizophrenia (Ketzer et al., 2012). According to a study, demographic factors and habits like drug use during gestational period were associated with the onset of the disease of schizophrenia. It was found that use of drugs like cannabis and cocaine were associated with the outbreak of schizophrenia. It was reported that strict monitoring, delivery and family history were contributing to the development of schizophrenia (Rubio-Abadal et al., 2015). A study examined the extent to which obstetric events were associated with schizophrenia in adolescent patients. The study involved 508 adults within the age group of 12 to 17 years. The study also accounted for the sex differences. It was found that more males were diagnosed with the disease as compared to females. The disease was found to be associated with the obstetric complications (Lukkari et al., 2012). Conclusion Schizophrenia is a severe psychological disorder, which results in restricted movement and changes in behavioral pattern. The assignment critically assessed the associations of various obstetric factors with psychiatric disorders. The conclusions drawn from the selected peer reviewed article is that the development of the disease was closed related to the obstetric events like preterm birth, premature delivery, manual extraction, bleeding during the delivery of the baby, maternal infection. The other factors were also found to be related with the risk factors of the disease. It was found that the risk increased when the exposure was extended to difficult and unfavorable birth conditions and adverse pregnancy. The other reviewed articles focused on the other aspects of the obstetric events like the mental state of the pregnant mothers and stressful events during the pregnancy period. It can be concluded from the findings of the mentioned articles that the factors like psychological st atus of the mother could result in development of Schizophrenia among the children in later parts of life. The interactions of the factors with the causative outcome were found to be strong. A modest association between the disease and obstetric factors were found. Hence, it can be concluded that the occurrence of Schizophrenia is strongly related with the obstetric complications. References: Beary, M., Hodgson, R., Wildgust, H. J. (2012). A critical review of major mortality risk factors for all-cause mortality in first-episode schizophrenia: clinical and research implications.Journal of Psychopharmacology,26(5 suppl). Betts, K. S., Williams, G. M., Najman, J. M., Scott, J., Alati, R. (2014). Exposure to stressful life events during pregnancy predicts psychotic experiences via behaviour problems in childhood.Journal of psychiatric research,59. Byrne, M., Agerbo, E., Bennedsen, B., Eaton, W. W., Mortensen, P. B. (2007). Obstetric conditions and risk of first admission with schizophrenia: a Danish national register based study.Schizophrenia research,97(1). Eide, M. G., Moster, D., Irgens, L. M., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Stoltenberg, C., Skjaerven, R., ... Abel, K. (2013). Degree of fetal growth restriction associated with schizophrenia risk in a national cohort.Psychological medicine,43(10). Fazel, S., Bakiyeva, L., Cnattingius, S., Grann, M., Hultman, C. M., Lichtenstein, P., Geddes, J. R. (2012). Perinatal risk factors in offenders with severe personality disorder: a population-based investigation.Journal of personality disorders,26(5). Geddes, J. R., Lawrie, S. M. (1995). Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry,167(6). Geddes, J. R., Verdoux, H., Takei, N., Lawrie, S. M., Bovet, P., Eagles, J. M., ... Stber, G. (1999). Schizophrenia and complications of pregnancy and labor: an individual patient data meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin,25(3). Kenny, L. C., Everard, C., Khashan, A. S. (2014). Maternal Stress and in Utero Programming. InHormones, Intrauterine Health and Programming(pp. 41-55). Springer International Publishing. Keskinen, E., Miettunen, J., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Mki, P., Isohanni, M., Jskelinen, E. (2013). Interaction between parental psychosis and risk factors during pregnancy and birth for schizophreniaThe Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study.Schizophrenia research,145(1). Ketzer, C. R., Gallois, C., Martinez, A. L., Rohde, L. A., Schmitz, M. (2012). Is there an association between perinatal complications and ttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattentive type in children and adolescents?.Revista brasileira de psiquiatra,34(3). Laurens, K. R., Luo, L., Matheson, S. L., Carr, V. J., Raudino, A., Harris, F., Green, M. J. (2015). Common or distinct pathways to psychosis? A systematic review of evidence from prospective studies for developmental risk factors and antecedents of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective psychoses.BMC psychiatry,15(1). Lukkari, S., Hakko, H., Herva, A., Pouta, A., Riala, K., Rsnen, P. (2012). Exposure to obstetric complications in relation to subsequent psychiatric disorders of adolescent inpatients: specific focus on gender differences.Psychopathology,45(5). Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Corvin, A., Walters, J. T., Farh, K. H., Holmans, P. A., ... Pers, T. H. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.Nature,511(7510).Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Corvin, A., Walters, J. T., Farh, K. H., Holmans, P. A., ... Pers, T. H. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.Nature,511(7510), 421. Rubio-Abadal, E., Ochoa, S., Barajas, A., Baos, I., Dolz, M., Sanchez, B., ... GENIPE Group. (2015). Birth weight and obstetric complications determine age at onset in first episode of psychosis.Journal of psychiatric research,65. Stadnick, N. A., Haine-Schlagel, R., Martinez, J. I. (2016). Using Observational Assessment to Help Identify Factors Associated with Parent Participation Engagement in Community-Based Child Mental Health Services. InChild Youth Care Forum(pp. 1-14). Springer US. Suvisaari, J. M., Taxell-Lassas, V., Pankakoski, M., Haukka, J. K., Lnnqvist, J. K., Hkkinen, L. T. (2013). Obstetric complications as risk factors for schizophrenia spectrum psychoses in offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder.Schizophrenia bulletin,39(5). Teigset, C. M., Mohn, C., Rund, B. R. (2016). Gestational length affects neurocognition in early-onset schizophrenia.Psychiatry Research,244. Walder, D. J., Faraone, S. V., Glatt, S. J., Tsuang, M. T., Seidman, L. J. (2014). Genetic liability, prenatal health, stress and family environment: risk factors in the Harvard Adolescent Family High Risk for schizophrenia study.Schizophrenia research,157(1). Wegelius, A., Pankakoski, M., Tomppo, L., Lehto, U., Lnnqvist, J., Suvisaari, J., ... Hennah, W. (2015). An interaction between NDE1 and high birth weight increases schizophrenia susceptibility.Psychiatry research,230(2).

Attempts at Poetry Explication Essay Example For Students

Attempts at Poetry Explication Essay Death, be not proud is the unusual portrayal of Death as a bringer of deliverance rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be rather than a figure of hell, torment, and punishment, Rest of their bones, and souls delivery. through a fourteen-line sonnet written in iambic pentameter. The speaker emphasizes the inevitability of death through its personification which allots death a more formidable role through characterization. we wake eternally is an allusion to heaven, accentuating deaths role as deliverer rather than a persecutor. As a servant, a deliverer of souls, Death paradoxically dies at the end of the poem creating an effectual loop; the circle of life is seen even in death. The description of souls delivery adds a light connotation to the apparently bright future of the afterlife. The poem is driven by a sonnets abbaabbacddc rhyme pattern ending with the death of Death himself to emphasize the termination of the poem. At this death, the speaker feels sympathy, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me. for the plight of an entity portrayed as not truly malicious, but which merely brings peace to the living. The Pulley The Pulley, written with each stanza according to its own rhyme pattern ababa 2 cdcdc to distinctly mark four separate events, is the speakers observations regarding the operation of God in his or her world. Strength, Beauty, Wisdom, Honor, and Pleasure are all personified to emphasize their importance as the speakers values. The speaker says that these values allow a person to surmount lifes great obstacles which lend them their significance. The poet has enjambed each stanza, If goodness lead him not, yet weariness / May toss him to my breast. to emphasize continuity of experience, and the oneness of the good which may bring salvation. The last line details the suggestion that the damned may find salvation not through their direct efforts but as a last resort. A pulley is a device that eases lifting; the title suggests that lifes sequence of events are set up for the best through the powers that be. Storm Warnings This unrhymed poem, with each stanza composed of seven lines, compares the ravages of weather to the ravages of a tumultuous relationship. glass has been falling may be applied to both a barometer and broken expectations, as well as frustrations with a lover. a silent core of waiting compares the eye of the storm with the speakers nervous tension. secret currents of the undiscerned can be applied to rising storm winds or the passive-agressive actions in a dysfunctional relationship. Weather becomes a reference to both weathered and internal violent feeling. Weather abroad/ And weather in the heart alike come on / Regardless of prediction. refers to an inability to select with whom one falls in love; love is spontaneous and uncontrolled. Time in the hand is not control of time relays to the reader a basis for the speakers sense of helplessness when trapped in an unfavorable relationship. We can only close the shutters.  is the speakers presenting the need to protect herself from the society which presents a danger to her because of her love. These are the things that we have learned to do / Who live in troubled regions. ends with a note of resignation, seeing the necessity to disguise her life even should it mean living with unhealthy relationships.