adult education Essay Example

adult education Essay Example adult education Essay adult education Essay Adult education is the process whereby adults engage in systematic and sustained learning activities in order to gain new forms of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values. Adult education can take place in the workplace, through extension school (e. g. , Harvard Extension) or school of continuing education (e. g. , Columbia School of Continuing Education). Other learning places include community colleges, folk high schools, colleges and universities, libraries, and lifelong learning centers. The practice may also include Training and Development which is often associated with rofessional development. Adult education has also been referred to as andragogy (to distinguish it from pedagogy). Educating adults differs from educating children in several ways. One of the most important differences is that adults have accumulated knowledge and work experience which can add to the learning experience. Another difference is that most adult education is voluntary, therefore, the participants are generally self-motivated. Adults frequently apply their knowledge in a practical fashion to learn effectively. They must have a reasonable expectation that the nowledge they gain will help them further their goals. For example, during the 1990s, many adults, including mostly office workers, enrolled in computer training courses. These courses would teach basic use of the operating system or specific application software. Due to the fact that the abstractions governing the users interactions with a PC were so new, many people who had been working white-collar jobs for ten years or more eventually took such training courses, either at their own whim (to gain computer skills and thus earn higher pay) or at the behest of their managers. In the United States, a more general example is when adults who dropped out of high school return to school to complete general education requirements. Most upwardly mobile positions require at the very least a high school diploma or equivalent. A working adult is unlikely to have the freedom to simply quit his or her Job and go back to school full-time. Public school systems and community colleges usually offer evening or weekend classes for this reason. In Europe this is often referred to as second-chance, and many schools offer tailor-made courses and learning programs for these returning learners.

David Sarnoff and Radio Corporaton of America RCA Presenation Paper

David Sarnoff and Radio Corporaton of America RCA Presenation Paper Free Online Research Papers David Sarnoff and Radio Corporaton of America RCA Presenation Paper Until the 1970s, U.S. firms led the world in consumer electronics. American companies brought forth a steady output of affordable radios, phonographs, black-and-white television sets, and finally color TVs. Experts everywhere assumed that American companies would remain on top for a long time, perhaps forever. But those firms lost more than just their primacy. After having been almost unchallenged before the 1960s, they fell behind their European and Japanese competitors during the 1970s and 1980s, and succumbed altogether by the 1990s. Both the rise and fall of the U.S. consumer electronics industry are reflected in the story of the Radio Corporaton of America(RCA) and its charismatic leader David Sarnoff which is the main topic of my presentation today. Sarnoff, who worked as head of RCA for nearly forty years did more than any other person to bring radio and television into the American home, and his life coincided almost exactly with the development of radio and television. As early as 1912, David Sarnoff seemed destined for greatness in telecommunications. While working as a young wireless, he received the first news of the Titanics disastrous collision with an iceberg (14 April ), then remained on duty for 72 hours, relaying information and survivor lists from the rescue ship. After the incident Congress passed a law requiring large passenger ships to install wieless communications. In 1919, when British Marconi sold its American Marconi assets to General Electric (GE) to form RCA, Sarnoff came on board as commercial manager. Sarnoff was soon in charge of broadcasting as general manager of RCA (April 29, 1921), then vice president (1922) and executive vice president of RCA (January 1, 1929). He was integral in the formation of NBC in 1926. He negotiated the secret contracts with American Telephone and Telegraph (AT and T) that led to NBCs development. With the acquisition of AT and Ts broadcasting assets, RCA had two networks, the Red and the Blue, and they debuted in a simulcast on 15 November 1926. In the 1920s, he managed his companys patent portfolio to the point that it was virtually impossible to manufacture or sell radio equipment without paying royalties to RCA. In the late 1920s In 1927 Sarnoff was elected to RCAs board and during the summer of 1928, he became RCAs acting president During the end of the decade Sarnoff negotiated successful contracts to form Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) motion pictures, to introduce radios as a permanent fixture in automobiles, and to consolidate all radio manufacturing by the Victor company under RCAs banner. On 3 January 1930, the 39-year-old Sarnoff became RCAs president. The next two years were pivotal in Sarnoffs life as the Department of Justice sued GE and RCA for monopoly and restraint of trade. Sarnoff led industry efforts to combat the governments suits that would have destroyed RCA. The result was a consent decree in 1932 calling for RCAs divestiture from GE and the licensing of RCAs patents to competitors. When GE freed RCA, Sarnoff was at the helm and, for nearly the next three decades, he would oversee numerous communications development, including television. Sarnoffs interest in television began in the 1910s, when he became aware of the theory of television. By 1923, he was convinced television would be the next great step in mass communication. Under Sarnoffs direction, RCA spent over thirteen million dollars from 1930 to 1939 to develop television, which was a staggering sum during the Depression. RCA also engaged in patent litigation with Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation, which held key television patents. It was alleged that the Federal Radio Commission was being manipulated by the RCA cartel of companies. Purchasing of key Patents ensured RCAs dominance of radio and television technology, but simultaneously helped to finance and encourage continued television experimenation outside RCA. Sarnoffs determination ensured that RCA was the company to bring television to the American public. Without Sarnoffs prophetic vision, widely available commercial television would certainly have been substantially different. Working well into his seventies, Sarnoff continued to push RCA and its engineers, investing money and work-hours in computers and aerospace technology. Research Papers on David Sarnoff and Radio Corporaton of America RCA Presenation PaperAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Twilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andWhere Wild and West MeetHip-Hop is ArtDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of India

An Example of Success In A Competitive Market Research Paper

An Example of Success In A Competitive Market - Research Paper Example In order for us to answer this question, it is imperative for us to have a clear knowledge about the challenges that face a firm in a competitive market. Things like competition, changes and ramification; these are the factors that stand as a challenge to any firm, new or old. Strategic plans and business techniques of different leaders and companies worldwide have been questioned due to the advent of the transformed competitive landscape. Changes in technology, the reorganization of industries due to internationalization as well as the growing environmental awareness recently are just some of the changes that need response to all firms. The ramification or complexity on the business operations occurred as a result of environmental concerns. Different industries, most especially the manufacturing industry, reformed their packaging, toxic waste management and greater drive for the recycling of materials. Solutions to these challenges are often quite simple and common sense. First, solutions would always start at the tail end of a determined problem. Because of the inevitable surge of technological revolution, coping up with the changing time is the best solution. There were revamping and restructuring of business models by the institution of new development in technologies in operations. Second, due to the technological advancements, dire political issues, and economic developments, it creates ramification within a certain market. Also, because of internationalization, the degree of communications and centralized operation has become more complex; hence, companies started to outsource their functions and the erection of relational allies that created virtual assembly. Lastly, as what I have mentioned, the market is overpopulated with firms of duplicating services incrementing the level of competition. Added to that is the entry of new markets in global setting, imposing a menace that cannot be discounted.

Week 4 reflection paper MAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 reflection paper MAM - Assignment Example Furthermore individual chromosomes occupy preferred location within the nucleus. White blood cells in human bodies like chromosome 18, hugs nucleus on the outer wall, whereas chromosome 19 remains at the center while chromosome 7 hover in between center and outer of the nucleus. DNA in chromosomes uses complex way to fold, and individual chromosomes occupies distinct locations in the nucleus and some of them prefer the periphery of the nuclear, while others like coming closer to the center. Chromosome that lies closer to one another can influence the functionality of the cells. Chromatin is very complex and consists of DNA and Proteins. If laid in a straight line, nuclear DNA in bodies of human beings would be enough to stretch from sun to earth and vice versa 100 times. Research has also shown that chromosome arrangement is not stationary; it changes during disease and development. When a gene is needed, relevant DNA loops away from other chromosomes, and becomes fully activated. Sometimes transcription factors in gene on chromosome can help to activate nearby chromosome. Furthermore, these Chromosomes are arranged in different cells, differently and the arrangement changes at the time of development. Its locations plays central role in cancer and knowing the location of chromosomes in the nucleus gives an opportunity for the detection of the cancer (Misteli 66-73). Blood transfusion has been found to be very important procedure during medical conditions, and also, tissue transplant can be done successfully from animal to animal and from one part of the body to

John F. Kennedy, the Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

John F. Kennedy, the Film - Essay Example Kennedy. Overtime, there have been numerous theories and wild speculation as to what and who was really behind the events of that fateful day. Some of these are brought out in Oliver Stone’s 1991 film, JFK. In this movie, the producer outlines some of the events following the infamous assassination through his eyes. It is a film that has been met with a great deal of criticism, with critics dismissing Oliver as a conspiracy peddler. This essay examines some of the controversy surrounding the movie and outlines the criticisms advanced against it. In the film, the primary theory advanced by Oliver Stone is that the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, did not act alone. Following the murder of John Kennedy, there were brisk investigations into the occurrence. Earl Warren, the then Supreme Court Justice presided over the hearings. In the end, the commission drew the conclusion that Lee Oswald did, in fact carry out the assassination by himself (Knight, 62). For this reason, it does not c ome as a surprise that there is controversy surrounding the suggestion by Oliver Stone that Lee Oswald was just a pawn in the plot to assassinate the president. In the movie, Oliver Stone brings out the conspiracy angle, arguing that there were many people that wanted to see the president dead, including the Mafia, the next president, Lyndon Baines Johnson, and the CIA (Stone â€Å"JFK).

Are Fathers Crucial for Child Development?

Are Fathers Crucial for Child Development? A great emphasis is placed on the relationship between a mother and child, however, is the importance of a fathers involvement in his childs life being overlooked? The role of the father in a childs life and influence on his cognitive, social, and emotional health is irreplaceable. There are many positive characteristics that an involved father imparts on his child. Fathers are known to be more playful with children, which allows the child to learn and explore boundaries. The effects of a father positive involvement in a childs life is crucial for a healthy development. I will be outlining the components of an involved father, looking at the positive effects of fathers through different life-stages of children, and the negative effects that an uninvolved or absent father has on a child. I will also be discussing ways that a father can become more involved in his childs life. The healthy involvement of a father in a childs life is based on three traits; engagement, availability, and responsibility.[1] An involved father must be in direct contact and share experiences with his child. The father must be accessible and present for the child and make arrangements for resources to be available for his child. Based on the report The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence written by researchers Sarah Allen, Ph.D., and Kerry Daly, Ph.D., an involved father is sensitive, warm, close, friendly, supportive, intimate, nurturing, affectionate, encouraging, comforting, and accepting.[2] Involved fathers ask their children many questions and give them responsibilities. The fathers influence on children cannot be adequately conceptualized only in terms of father-child interactions; it has to be understood in a broader family context.[3] Marital quality has a direct impact on a childs wellbeing. One of the most important influences a father can have on his child is indirect.[4] Fathers play an important role in marriage. The fathers influence on his children has a direct correlation to the relationship that the father has with his wife. A father, who has a good relationship with the mother of his children, is more likely to spend quality time with their kids and have children who are psychologically and emotionally healthier.[5] Women who are emotionally supported by husbands have better pregnancies, births, breastfeeding experiences, and better post-partum mental health.[6] When mothers are supported and encouraged by their husbands, it allows the mother to better nurture the child. Involved fathers are linked to stronger marriages. In healthy marri ages, fathers are more likely to be involved in childcare responsibilities. Another benefit of a constructive and positive relationship between parents is that it serves as a model for children when they develop their own relationships.[7] A positive and healthy marriage teaches children how to provide emotional support, deal with conflict positively, and be respectful and communicate well. There are numerous positive cognitive, emotional, and social effects that a fathers involvement has on a childs life, beginning in infancy. At 2 to 25 weeks, fathers provide staccato bursts of physical and social stimulation.[8] From as young as 5 months, studies have confirmed that a fathers involvement can have powerful effects on a childs cognitive development. Infants score higher on measures of cognitive development if they have highly involved fathers.[9] The more time fathers spend with their babies the better the father understands cues, which helps create a stronger attachment. Babies are more securely attached to fathers the more time they spend with them. Fathers can create an attachment with their infants by paying attention to cues, responding consistently and compassionately.[10] Fathers should also keep babies physically close to promote feelings of safety and security. When a father talks, reads and sings to his baby, the child is comforted by his fathers voice which strengthens the attachment. In babies over 6 months of age, fathers tend to engage in more physically stimulating and unpredictable play.[11] Dads must play age-appropriate games with their babies to help the child learn about limits and boundaries and experience a range of emotions.[12] By 1 year, children whose fathers are more involved have a higher cognitive functioning.[13] Toddlers with involved fathers have better problem-solving abilities. The way that fathers play with toddlers in a one on one interaction is stimulating and allows the child to regulate feelings. Fathers tend to promote independence and orientation to the outside world and push their child to achievement.[14] Toddlers with involved fathers start school with higher levels of academic readiness and are able to handle the stresses and functions associated with schooling.[15] As children enter preschool, fathers encourage sex-role development. Most young children see their fathers as a source of strength and security.[16] To a growing boy, the father is the ideal model of how to act and behave. As children enter school-age years, studies show that children, especially boys, who experience a nurturing and involved father, receive cognitive advantages.[17] The fathers involvement in direct encourag ement of skills, like counting and reading are directly associated with the childs performance. As children get older, father involvement helps them live a more satisfied life with less emotional distress, negative feelings, and anxiety.[18] An involved father in the life of an adolescent cuts the risk of antisocial behavior problems. It is crucial that fathers spend time with their adolescent children. Fathers may become less involved as adolescents attempt to gain autonomy and establish an identity separate from the family.[19] The adolescent years are a time of transition as teenagers are trying to gain power; therefore, fathers may lose power in their relationship with their child. For adolescents and young adults, the nurturing style of fathers involvement is associated with better verbal skills, intellectual functioning, and academic achievement.[20] Teenagers and young adults cognitive development is positively impacted through critical thinking, motivation, communication skills, and independence.[21] Socially, young adults are better adjusted, dependable, and have highe r levels of self-acceptance with an involved father in their lives. There are many negative effects on children with an uninvolved father. Children can become excessively dependent on their mother. Children can also become rebellious and be difficult to control.[22] Girls expect men to act like their father does; therefore, when the father is not present, girls have a harder time knowing how she should be treated. In addition, girls with involved respectful fathers are less involved in violent and unhealthy relationships.[23] Boys with an absent father are more likely to show aggressive behaviour. A boy that is rejected by his father has difficulty learning to be a man.[24] Children of an uninvolved father are also prone to more stress and anxiety, have poorer social skills and have an increased risk of drug or alcohol abuse.[25] School-aged children without an involved father are more likely to have problems in school performance.[26] These children may have lower scores on achievement tests, and on intellectual ability and intelligence tests.[27] Children may experience behaviour problems at school like disobedience, difficulty paying attention, or have poor attendance. Emotionally and cognitively, children may have difficulty in internalizing and externalizing behaviour.[28] Negatively internalizing behaviour can result in depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Socially, teenagers can have troubles in getting along with other children and are at risk of peer problems.[29] Adolescents who live without their father are more likely to engage in earlier sexual activity. Teenage or young parents may continue the cycle that their father started with not being involved in their childs life.[30] Fathers that are looking to become more involved in their childrens lives must believe that they have the potential and ability to be the second-greatest influence in his childs development.[31] Fathers are generally less sensitive than mothers and may assume less responsibility than the mother in child-rearing. It is crucial that fathers spend time with his child through all stages of growth as children form attachments provided that a sufficient amount of father interaction takes place.[32] The U.S Department of Health and Human Services reported why spending time with children is crucial in becoming a more involved father. [33] When fathers spend time with their child, the child will feel cared for and loved. If a father has more than one child, he should spend individual time with each child. The time that fathers spend with children should be filled with playing, having fun, being active and physical.[34] The father must engage in productive activities with kids like household c hores, educational activities, and reading which promotes intellectual growth in children.[35] The way that fathers discipline their children is crucial in positive involvement. Fathers need to be aware of the influence he has on his child. Paternal consistent discipline is associated with likable, autonomous, imaginative, and confident behaviour in boys, and well-socialized, friendly, and dependable behaviour in girls.[36] In disciplining, fathers should control emotions, body language, and their hands.[37] Fathers must also communicate guidelines with children.[38] There must be consistency in parenting from the mother and father so that children understand the standard of behaviour is the same for both parents. If a father wants to be more involved in his childs life, he must put an effort in his relationship with the childs mother. This may not always be the easiest as parents may have difficulty in marriage or are divorced. Children are affected by the feelings that their mother has towards the missing or distant father. If the father is absent in the home and the mother is antagonistic towards the childrens father, the children are more aggressive than children whose mothers are affectionate and miss the absent or uninvolved father.[39] The healthy involvement of the father in a childs life is crucial in the development of children. Fathers have a special relationship with their children. The way that a father plays and interacts with his child throughout different stages of life, teaches children valuable life-long lessons. The positive involvement of fathers in the life of his child allows the child to form an emotional attachment. In infancy, fathers can be involved in responding to cues of his child. As children grow older, fathers promote curiosity and exploration through play. In adolescent and young adult years, it is crucial for fathers to be supportive and encouraging in academic and social activities. In all their efforts fathers must be supported and encouraged to develop and grow in their relationship with their child as their influence on children is invaluable. Bibliography: Bell, Deidre. The Importance of Dads Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017. . Fox, Greer L., Vey M. Nordquist, Rhett M. Billen, and Emily Furst Savoca. Father Involvement and Early Intervention: Effects of Empowerment and Father Role Identity. Family Relations 64.4 (2015): 461-75. The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence. University of Guelph, 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. . Hamilton, Marshall L. Fathers Influence on Children. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print Hosier, David. Childhood Trauma: The Possible Effects of Uninvolved Parents. Child Abuse, Trauma, and Recovery.MSc, 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017). Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. Canada: John Wiley Sons 1997. Print. Munsinger, Harry. Fundamentals of Child Development. United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971. Print. [1] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. ( Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [2] Ibid, Feb 24th, 2017 [3] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [4] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [5] Ibid, Feb. 23rd, 2017 [6] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. ( Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [7] Ibid, Feb. 24th, 2017 [8] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [9] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [10] Ibid, Feb 24th, 2017 [11] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [12] Ibid, Feb 27th, 2017 [13] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [14] Ibid, Feb 25th, 2017 [15] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [16] Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print. [17] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [18] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [19] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [20] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [21] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [22]Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print. [23]Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [24] Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print. [25]David, Hosier. Childhood Trauma: The Possible Effects of Uninvolved Parents. Child Abuse, Trauma and Recovery. (MSc, 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.) [26] Fox, Greer L., Vey M. Nordquist, Rhett M. Billen, and Emily Furst Savoca. Father Involvement and Early Intervention: Effects of Empowerment and Father Role Identity. Family Relations 64.4 (2015): 461-75. The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence. University of Guelph, 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. . [27] Ibid, March 14th, 2017 [28] Fox, Greer L., Vey M. Nordquist, Rhett M. Billen, and Emily Furst Savoca. Father Involvement and Early Intervention: Effects of Empowerment and Father Role Identity. Family Relations 64.4 (2015): 461-75. The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence. University of Guelph, 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2017. . [29] Ibid, March 14th, 2017 [30] Ibid, March 14th, 2017 [31] Marshall L. Hamilton. Fathers Influence on Children. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print) [32] Michael E. Lamb. The Role of the Father in Child Development. (Canada: John Wiley Sons), 1997. Print. [33] Deirdre, Bell. The Importance of Dads. (Boba. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017.) . [34] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [35] Ibid, Feb. 23rd, 2017 [36] Marshall L. Hamilton. Fathers Influence on Children. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print) [37] Jeffrey, Rosenberg and Wilcox W. Bradford. The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Child Abuse and Neglect User Manuel Series.( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, 2006. Web. 23 Feb. 2017) . [38] Marshall L. Hamilton. Fathers Influence on Children. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1977. Print) [39] Harry, Munsinger. Fundamentals of Child Development. (United States of America: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.) Print.

Feminist Readings of Weltys The Golden Apples :: Endora Welty The Golden Apples

Feminist Readings of Welty's The Golden Apples Jennifer Thomas writes in her article about a study of short fiction done by Carol Ann Johnston. The study targets feminist readings of Welty's writings and focuses primarily on female characters of her works. When discussing The Golden Apples, Thomas determines it was the 'tour de force', or exceptional achievement, in Johnston's study of Welty's collections. In Johnston's study she writes of the 'self-realized women' of The Golden Apples, using character Virgie Rainey as her example. The critical article contends that in Johnston's study, her selection of contemporary critics Daniale Pitavy-Souques and Patricia Yaeger are excellent choices to include since they had recently assessed Welty within currents of modernism and feminism. She then goes on to critique Johnston for oversimplification of the terms of the stories she is analyzing by citing an example from "June Recital": An angry old man flaps open his bathrobe, exposing himself to young girls taking their piano lessons in "June Recital," a display that provides, according to Johnston "a blatant show of phallic strength, [as] he attempts to silence the female voice."In the context of the story, however, the narrator freely voices her estimate of this "old turkey gobbler" and suggests he poses no such potent threat. Some of Johnston's most convincing readings concern Welty's identification with her characters, refuting the assumption that the heroine is the author's stand-in. By keeping her eye on the writer of "June Recital," Johnston astutely reminds us: "Welty identifies with Miss Eckhart, but she writes Virgie's story. (Thomas) I strongly agree with Johnston's statement that Welty has identification to her characters, whether intentional or not. She notes that although she believes Welty identifies with Miss Eckhart in "June Recital", she writes the story for Virgie. Consistently in her stories in The Golden Apples, she writes of sheltered individuals within a close community. Johnston addresses only the identification Welty has to her characters, instead of digging deeper into relational issues. I find it fascinating that in The Golden Apples, Welty paints a picture of Miss Eckhart's life as being ideal, free to follow her own passion and art, which in Miss Eckhart's case was her piano teaching, or in Welty's life, her photography and even her writing. And at the same time, Miss Eckhart has failed relationships and an overall lonely sense about her.

Social and Economic Changes in the Atlantic World Due to Contacts Among Western Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Essay

From 1492 to 1750, there were many changes in the Atlantic world that were both social and economic. This occurred because of the new contact among Western Europe, the Americas, and Africa. There were several social changes that took place in Western Europe, the Americas, and Africa due to their contacts with the Atlantic world. Also, within these three regions, there were several economic changes as well. By 1750, Western Europe came to dominate both the Americas and Africa socially and economically.There were many social changes involving these three regions. When Western Europe came into contact with the Atlantic world, it underwent many changes, both good and bad. The declining of prices was helpful because it allowed the Europeans to be able to pay less for the necessities that were needed for everyday living. Now they were able to comfortably afford it. The Europeans had more money, and more of what they wanted and needed without having to worry. The Western Europeans also had more access to goods because of the 13 colonies.The colonies allowed them to obtain more necessary crops and foods that they needed to sustain a healthy lifestyle for themselves, and for their families. Industrialization was another social change, but this had more of a negative impact. Cities became overcrowded, which led to copious amounts of people living there. This is never helpful for society. The Americas contact with the Atlantic world led to several social changes. The Spanish conquistador Cortes invaded and conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519.Pizarro conquered the Incan Empire in 1532. When the Europeans invaded the New World it caused the religion of the native people to change drastically. Their religion became Christianity. The Bible was taught amongst all schools. This had an impact on all the children’s education in the Americas. They grew up learning the ways and faith of Christianity. Therefore, generations to come would grow up Christian. Source Cited: http:/ /www. antiessays. com/free-essays/341484. html

Emperor Montezuma Before the Spanish Arrived

Emperor Montezuma Before the Spanish Arrived Emperor Montezuma Xocoyotzà ­n (other spellings include Motecuzoma and Moctezuma) is remembered by history as the indecisive leader of the Mexica Empire who let Hernan Cortes and his conquistadors into the magnificent city of Tenochtitlan virtually unopposed. Although it is true that Montezuma was unsure of how to deal with the Spaniards and that his indecision led in no small measure to the downfall of the Aztec Empire, this is only part of the story. Before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors, Montezuma was a renowned war leader, skilled diplomat and an able leader of his people who oversaw the consolidation of the Mexica Empire. A Prince of the Mexica Montezuma was born in 1467, a prince of the royal family of the Mexica Empire. Not one hundred years before Montezumas birth, the Mexica had been an outsider tribe in the Valley of Mexico, vassals of the mighty Tepanecs. During the reign of Mexica leader Itzcotl, however, the Triple Alliance of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tacuba was formed and together they overthrew the Tepanecs. Successive emperors had expanded the empire, and by 1467 the Mexica were the unquestioned leaders of the Valley of Mexico and beyond. Montezuma was born for greatness: he was named after his grandfather Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, one of the greatest Tlatoanis or Emperors of the Mexica. Montezumas Father Axaycatl and his uncles Tà ­zoc and Ahuà ­tzotl had also been tlatoque (emperors). His name Montezuma meant he who makes himself angry, and Xocoyotzà ­n meant the younger to distinguish him from his grandfather. The Mexica Empire in 1502 In 1502, Montezumas uncle Ahuitzotl, who had served as emperor since 1486, died. He left an organized, massive Empire which stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific and covered most of present-day Central Mexico. Ahuitzotl had roughly doubled the area controlled by the Aztecs, launching conquests to the north, northeast, west and south. The conquered tribes were made vassals of the mighty Mexica and forced to send quantities of food, goods, slaves and sacrifices to Tenochtitlan. Succession of Montezuma as Tlatoani The ruler of the Mexica was called the Tlatoani, which means speaker or he who commands. When it came time to select a new ruler, the Mexica did not automatically select the previous rulers eldest son like they did in Europe. When the old Tlatoani died, a council of elders of the royal family came together to select the next one. The candidates could include all male, high-born relatives of the previous Tlatoani, but since the elders were looking for a younger man with proven battlefield and diplomatic experience, in reality they were choosing from a limited pool of several candidates. As a young prince of the royal family, Montezuma had been trained for warfare, politics, religion and diplomacy from an early age. When his uncle died in 1502, Montezuma was thirty-five years old and had distinguished himself as a warrior, general and diplomat. He had also served as a high priest. He was active in the various conquests undertaken by his uncle Ahuitzotl. Montezuma was a strong candidate, but was by no means his uncles undlisputed successor. He was elected by the elders, however, and became Tlatoani in 1502. Coronation of Montezuma A Mexica coronation was a drawn-out, splendid affair. Montezuma first went into a spiritual retreat for a few days, fasting and praying. Once that was done, there was music, dancing, festivals, feasts and the arrival of visiting nobility from allied and vassal cities. On the day of the coronation, the lords of Tacuba and Tezcoco, the most important allies of the Mexica, crowned Montezuma, because only a reigning sovereign could crown another. Once he had been crowned, Montezuma had to be confirmed. The first major step was to carry out a military campaign for the purposes of acquiring sacrificial victims for the ceremonies. Montezuma chose to war against Nopallan and Icpatepec, vassals of the Mexica who were currently in rebellion. These were in the present-day Mexican State of Oaxaca. The campaigns went smoothly; many captives were brought back to Tenochtitlan and the two rebellious city-states began paying tribute to the Aztecs.   With the sacrifices ready, it was time to confirm Montezuma as tlatoani. Great lords came from all over the Empire once again, and at a great dance led by the rulers of Tezcoco and Tacuba, Montezuma appeared in a wreath of incense smoke. Now it was official: Montezuma was the ninth tlatoani of the mighty Mexica Empire. After this appearance, Montezuma formally handed out offices to his highest ranking officials. Finally, the captives taken in battle were sacrificed. As tlatoani, he was the maximum political, military and religious figure in the land: like a king, general and pope all rolled into one. Montezuma Tlatoani The new Tlatoani had a completely different style from his predecessor, his uncle Ahuitzotl. Montezuma was an elitist: he abolished the title of quauhpilli, which meant Eagle Lord and was awarded to soldiers of common birth who had shown great courage and aptitude in battle and warfare. Instead, he filled all military and civil positions with members of the noble class. He removed or killed many of Ahutzotls top officials. The policy of reserving important posts for the nobility strengthened the Mexica hold on allied states, however. The royal court at Tenochtitlan was home to many princes of allies, who were there as hostages against the good behavior of their city-states, but they were also educated and had many opportunities in the Aztec army. Montezuma allowed them to rise in military ranks, binding them - and their families - to the tlatoani. As tlatoani, Montezuma lived a luxurious life. He had one main wife named Teotlalco, a princess from Tula of Toltec descent, and several other wives, most of them princesses of important families of allied or subjugated city-states. He also had countless concubines and he had many children by these different women. He lived in his own palace in Tenochtitlan, where he ate off of plates reserved for only him, waited on by a legion of servant boys. He changed clothes frequently and never wore the same tunic twice. He enjoyed music and there were many musicians and their instruments at his palace. War and Conquest Under Montezuma During Montezuma Xocoyotzà ­ns reign, the Mexica were in a near-constant state of war. Like his predecessors, Montezuma was charged with preserving the lands he inherited and expanding the empire. Because he inherited a large empire, much of which had been added by his predecessor Ahuitzotl, Montezuma primarily concerned himself with maintaining the empire and defeating those isolated holdout states within the Aztec sphere of influence. In addition, Montezumas armies fought frequent Flower Wars against other city states: the main purpose of these wars was not subjugation and conquest, but rather a chance for both sides to take prisoners for sacrifice in a limited military engagement.   Montezuma enjoyed mostly successes in his wars of conquest. Much of the fiercest fighting took place to the south and east of Tenochtitlan, where the various city-states of the Huaxyacac resisted Aztec rule. Montezuma was eventually victorious in bringing the region to heel. Once the troublesome peoples of the Huaxyacac tribes had been subjugated, Montezuma turned his attention to the north, where warlike Chichimec tribes still ruled, defeating the cities of Mollanco and Tlachinolticpac. Meanwhile, the stubborn region of Tlaxcala remained defiant. It was a region made up of some 200 smallish city-states led by the Tlaxcalan people united in their hatred of the Aztecs, and none of Montezumas predecessors had been able to defeat it. Montezuma tried several times to defeat the Tlaxcalans, launching large campaigns in 1503 and again in 1515. Each attempt to subjugate the fierce Tlaxcalans ended in defeat for the Mexica. This failure to neutralize their traditional enemies would come back to haunt Montezuma: in 1519, Hernan Cortes and the Spanish conquistadors befriended the Tlaxcalans, who proved to be invaluable allies against the Mexica, their most hated foe. Montezuma in 1519 In 1519, when Hernan Cortes and the Spanish conquistadors invaded, Montezuma was at the height of his power. He ruled an empire which stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific and could summon more than a million warriors. Although he was firm and decisive in dealing with his empire, he was weak when faced with the unknown invaders, which in part led to his downfall. Resources and Further Reading Berdan, Frances: Moctezuma II: la Expansion del Imperio Mexica. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana XVII - 98 (July-August 2009) 47-53.Hassig, Ross. Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988.Levy, Buddy. . New York: Bantam, 2008.Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo. Moctezuma II: la Gloria del Imperio. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana XVII - 98 (July-August 2009) 54-60.Smith, Michael. The Aztecs. 1988. Chichester: Wiley, Blackwell. Third Edition, 2012.Thomas, Hugh. . New York: Touchstone, 1993.Townsend, Richard F. The Aztecs. 1992, London: Thames and Hudson. Third Edition, 2009Vela, Enrique. Moctezuma Xocoyotzin, El que se muestra enojado, el joven. Arqueologia Mexicana Ed. Especial 40 (Oct 2011), 66-73.

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