Compare and Contrast African American, Native American,...

The United States has always been considered a melting pot and because of all the cultural diversity there exist many different beliefs and values about raising our children. The three major ethnic groups in the United States today are African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans. This is followed by the three different parenting styles that many parents go by when raising their children. The Authoritarian style show very little emotion but give their children a lot of direction in life, they are viewed as very controlling. Their attitude is â€Å"I am in charge and set/ enforce the rules, no matter what. Because of this these parents may sometimes be viewed as harsh or emotionally aloof. Hispanic parents have been described as more†¦show more content†¦Authoritative parents set high goals for their children and encourage more responsibility and freedom, within well-outlined rules. It is said that children of authoritative parents usually grow up to be very independent , socially successful, and respectful of authority. In many ways the conditions of social class affect parent’s options and decisions they face when parenting. â€Å"Children living inShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform

Essay about Marketing Plan - New Nivea Product - 1505 Words

Executive Summary: Youth, timeless beauty and the pursuit of perfection seem to be on the forefront of everyones agenda. From television portraying reality shows such as Extreme Makeover and fictional dramas such as Nip and Tuck, it is no wonder Americans are obsessed with finding the ultimate secret to looking flawless. The beauty industry is a 40 billion dollar enterprise, (News Target, 2005) dedicated to helping women look their best so it is no wonder companies such as Nivea is re-evaluating their posture in the U.S. market, positioning themselves to take advantage of the growing interest in cosmetic remedies to turning back the clock. Research conducted by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery in 2003†¦show more content†¦With celebrity endorsements on the rise, the American public optimistically is experimenting with new products trying to achieve the look of Hollywood stars. Unfortunately, consumers do not have the financial means to keep up with the regime the celebrities exercise, therefore, Nivea has developed a new product using European ingenuity to introduce to the American Woman, DERMA P2. Product Description: Nivea Derma P2 is a cosmetic topical cream designed to help individuals from adolescence to maturity. Derma P2 is a unique product containing various types of placenta and papaya extracts, a rich source of skin nutrients and re-generation properties. The product exfoliates at an accelerated rate due to the concentration of the two key ingredients. Derma P2 removes acne and other deep scars, sun damage, freckles, wrinkles, re-hydrates the skin, improves elasticity, and slows down the process of skin damage from UV rays. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: Nivea has international brand name recognition Existing customer base Already has good reputation in global skincare market Good marketing team Strong executive team Cost effective ingredients Product is affordable Effective on age groups from adolescence to maturity Weaknesses: Key Ingredients may cause controversy Advertising challenges due to keyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Marketing Plan - New Nivea Product1458 Words   |  6 PagesMakeover† and fictional dramas such as â€Å"Nip and Tuck†, it is no wonder Americans are obsessed with finding the ultimate secret to looking flawless. The beauty industry is a 40 billion dollar enterprise, (News Target, 2005) dedicated to helping women look their best so it is no wonder companies such as Nivea is re-evaluating their posture in the U.S. market, positioning themselves to take advantage of the growing interest in cosmetic remedies to turning back the clock. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ResearchRead MoreCase Study - Nivea for Men1042 Words   |  5 PagesMARKETING MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY – NIVEA FOR MEN [pic] Lecturer: Mr. George Wilds Due Date: February 27, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 BRIEF HISTORY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................5-8 ↠ QUESTION 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 ↠ QUESTION 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 ↠ QUESTION 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 ↠ QUESTION 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Read MoreNivea Case Study838 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Foundations Professor: Vernette Sinaise Nandy Nedd 1. A Marketing plan is defined as a plan to identify and then meet consumers’ requirements. NIVEA FOR MEN developed its marketing plan after doing a market research. Two pieces of data that NIVEA used when preparing its marketing plan to re-launch NIVEA FOR MEN are: a. Past performance data of NIVEA FOR MEN in the UK to see how the brand was performing and the promotion they used and who was buying the product, they were ableRead MoreCase study Nivea2466 Words   |  10 Pagesuk Developing a marketing plan Introduction The NIVEA ® brand is one of the most recognised skin and beauty care brands in the world. NIVEA creme was first introduced in 1911 and the NIVEA brand now extends to 14 product ranges worldwide from suncare to facial moisturisers, deodorant and shower products. In 1980 when Beiersdorf, the international company that owns NIVEA, launched its NIVEA FOR MEN ® range internationally, it broke new ground with its aftershave balm product. It was the firstRead MoreNivea2032 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The NIVEA ® brand is one of the most recognised skin and beauty care brands in the world. NIVEA creme was first introduced in 1911 and the NIVEA brand now extends to 14 product ranges worldwide from suncare to facial moisturisers, deodorant and shower products. In 1980 when Beiersdorf, the international company that owns NIVEA, launched its NIVEA FOR MEN  ® range internationally, it broke new ground with its aftershave balm product. It was the first balm on the market that did notRead MoreU QCF HB 19 M3422 Words   |  14 PagesUnit Number and Title: Marketing Planning (Unit 19) Unit Level: Level 5 Unit Code: Y/601/1259 Module Tutor: BM Razzak Email: razzak@londonchurchillcollege.co.uk Date Set: 10/05/2015 Key dates Distribution date: 27/05/2015 Submission date: 1st July 2015 Return date: 4 weeks after submission Introduction Effective planning is essential for any marketing activity to ensure that an organisation realises its marketing objectives. Without planning, marketing activity can be inappropriateRead MoreLimitations of Marketing Research Essay example2333 Words   |  10 PagesM2: Explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development of Nivea. No matter how small or large a market research project may be, any type of research performed poorly will not give relevant results. In fact, all research, no matter how well controlled, carries the potential to be wrong. There are many reasons why research may not give good results but a common problem is deciding whether the research is really measuring what it claims to be measuring. ThereRead MoreConsumer Behavior: Niveas Temporary Shop2501 Words   |  11 PagesA NEW TREND ON RETAIL: NIVEA S TEMPORARY SHOP Outline I. Introduction to Consumer Behaviour II. The consumer decision process III. Case study: â€Å"Nivea† firm i. History and products ii. Strategy iii. Marketing Mix and Positioning iv. Innovative strategy: â€Å"Nivea Temporary Shop† v. The â€Å"Nivea Hair Care Experience Tour† vi. Consumers’ reaction IV. Conclusions V. References Read MoreNivea Visage : Brand And Beauty Care Brands Essay2169 Words   |  9 Pages1. Introduction The NIVEA brand is one of the most recognised skin and beauty care brands in the world. This is based in Hamburg, Germany. As one of the internationally leading companies for skin care Nivea are close to consumers, offering them compelling, innovative products. Brands enjoy universal trust – from NIVEA, one of the world’s largest skin care brands, to other successful brands such as Eucerin, La Prairie, Elastoplast, Elastoplast Sport and Leuko. With more than 125 years’ experienceRead MoreNivea Is More Than Just Part Of Our Core Business Essay2486 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction Nivea is an established name in high quality skin and beauty care product. It is part of a range of brands produced and sold by Beiersdorf, founded in 1882, has grown to be a global company specializing in skin and beauty care. Over the past 10 years the company has grown rapidly in the UK by developing a balanced and well managed portfolio of brands. Nivea as one of the internationally leading companies for skin care which are close to consumers, offering them compelling, innovative

Tuition Is Necessarily for All Students, What Do You Think Free Essays

Nowadays, tuition has become indispensable for the new generation. There are many tuition centres in our country. Tuition has also become common among students nowadays. We will write a custom essay sample on Tuition Is Necessarily for All Students, What Do You Think? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of them are attending tuition classes after school. Some of them have to attend tuition classes every day even during public holidays. I agree that tuition is necessary for students. It is needed in order to achieve the optimum academic performance. Tuition is an effective extra coaching for all students. Some of them are unable to catch up in school due to too much work load give to them in school. As a tuition class is smaller compare to a class in the school, the tutors can give their students more individual attention. Tutors can also target students’ weaknesses and try to improve their academic performance in school. Normally, students who attend tuition will be able to catch up and have some improvement in their studies. Besides that, the tutors can get more freedom in tuition. They do not need to follow and stick to the syllabus in school strictly. There is more variety in tuition and this can make the students gain more extra knowledge. Tutors can also set the exercises according to the students’ needs. The exercises according to their needs are very effective to help them to score good marks in the exam. Tutors can give the weaker students more remedial work to help them to catch up. On the other hand, they can give the brighter students some enrichment exercise to help them score better in the exams. Tuition is a necessity to achieve the optimum performance. It helps students to have a good preparation for the exam. Tutors specifically teacher students on how to score well in exams. The tutors will give them plenty of exam oriented questions so that they will know how to answer the questions and score good marks in the exams. Tuition has good track records. It helps students to pass their tests or exams in flying colours. Students can achieve good results by attending tuition classes. In addition, tuition is essential to balance the students’ studies and recreation. It can prevent them from wasting their time doing recreation activities such as watching movies, playing computer games, shopping and others. It can help them to utilize their time efficiently but not wasting their time for recreation or just doing revision at home. It is important in balancing their free time. Lastly, students can get many benefits from tuition. Students can deepen or enrich their knowledge about the topics on core subjects. Tuition also gives extra knowledge that is useful in the future. The students who attend the tuition classes have the edge over the others. This can make them perform well in class and score well in exams. In the nutshell, attending tuition classes I necessary to all students. It gives an edge to students who attend the classes. They are able to perform better in exams and score good results. It is important to balance studies and recreation as students will not waste their time doing something unbeneficial. Thus, I agree that tuition is a necessity for all students as it gives lots of benefits to them. How to cite Tuition Is Necessarily for All Students, What Do You Think?, Papers

Application Of Real Time PCR In Forensic Science

Question: Write an essay on Application of Real Time PCR in Forensic Science? Answer: Forensic science is the study of evidences through different scientific methodology in order to identify the criminal or the process of the crime and food analysis (Reischcl, Witter, Coceril, 2012). Polymerase Chain Reaction is used for amplification of a single DNA fragment into multiple DNA copies (Dietmaier, Witter and Sivasubramanian, 2013). Real time PCR technique is the polymerase chain reaction method the monitoring of the whole reaction process is done in the real time format (Giampaoli et al, 2012). Criminal acts such as murder, rape, sexual assaults are testified through different methods of forensic science. DNA profiling which includes techniques such as DNA typing, DNA testing and DNA fingerprinting is one of the most used techniques used by forensic scientists (Caniglia et al, 2010). To carry out such techniques, PCR is used as a tool. Nowadays, Real Time PCR is used for more specific identification of the evidences (Johnson, Wilson-Wilde and Linacre, 2014). The real-ti me fluorescence based quantitative PCR is one of the significant benchmark technology used in forensic science application. Another aspect where PCR is used based on mitochondrial genes is used for its matrilineal inheritance (McLaughlin, Doty and Lednav, 2014). As discussed in a research paper by Sinha and his coworkers, Retro transposable elements which is comprised of two regions known as LINEs (Long interspersed nuclear element) and SINEs (short interspersed nuclear element) can be used as marker for human identification and bio-ancestry testing. As Retro transposable elements does not cause shutter artifacts due to slippage at the time of PCR, the interpretation of the result becomes much easier (Sinha et al, 2015). In another research paper by Dawnay and his colleagues carried out real time PCR using HyBeacon probe technology which enabled them species detection. They used this method for rapid onsite non-human forensic testing. In cases of illegal animal killing, species identification is one of the major issues. In this method they have used a single HyBeacon probe and melt curve analysis for rapid screening. Melt curve detection process helps to detect species specific SNP sites present on the COI genes. This helps the forensic scientists to specifically identify a particular species of animal from unknown DNA sample (Dawnay, et al, 2016). Aims and Objectives The aim of the research carried out by Sudhir Sinha and his coworkers was to develop a novel and sensitive DNA marker which can be applied in forensic science for the identification of human DNA with an unknown DNA sample (Sinha et al, 2015). The aim of the research carried out by Nick Dawnay and his coworkers is to develop a technique which can be used for non-expert genetic species identification among different species. Another aspect of the aim was to design the application of this method for on-human forensic authentication (Dawnay, et al, 2016). Methodology In order to achieve the mentioned aim, Sinha and his colleague used novel primer design methodology. In this method they have used real time PCR technique for the novel primer design. Methylene specific polymerase chain reaction or MSP is used. MSP method removed the intra-spacing between the locus competition, which are found in case of heterozygote DNA. The samples were analyzed by Hardy-Weinberg expectation to demonstrate the linkage and disequilibrium between the sequences. Using a capillary electrophoresis technique the allelic nature of the alu typing system was also carried out. After that, the splicing reduces the amplicon size of loci region and in two allelic states of INNULs. In the second part they used real time qPCR. qPCR is used for the development of quantitative and qualitative assay. In case of development of PCR technique using HyBeacon probe technology. At first Nick and his colleagues used the Sample authentication-DNA sequencing. They extracted DNA samples from 42 different fish species. After that thee HyBeacon assay design was done. They downloaded the sequence data of Atlantic cod from BO LD and NCBI. Databas2.0 It is seen that Hybeaconprobes are generally 20 to 30 base pair long having short COI homology regions . The process also included pautive species specific SNP sites. Using this this technology they carried out the identification of key target species using Mega 6.0. After this multiple sequences were aligned using Clustal. After the design was done, they Develop the HyBeacon assay. This is the most crucial part, as the result of the entire research was dependent on this method. For the development of the specific cod assay, data was gathered from the genomic DNA. They categorized the experiment sensitivity and specificity studies were made. Result Sinha and his co workers observed that Retro transposable elements are in generally novel markers. They have a property of high copy number. They can be used for the most reproducible and sensitive DNA quantification. In the result Sinha observed that, Innotyper*21 amplification of A DNA sample collected from 2cm long rootless hair shaft. The result collected showed that there was a significant amount of DNA degradation and low level quantity was found. The sample which was yielded had the characteristics of a full genotype consistent with the buccal swab sample from the donor. As a result the Innotyper Retro transposable elements can be combined with ancestry informative ALU RE markers. These combination can be made small samples as less than 100 base pair. As a result the forensic samples will provide additional information. The detection of an ancestry gene within the sub-continental and continental population will diversify to detect human population in different forensic cases. The other major aspect of this method is that it can detect sample in highly degrade and low level conditions as well. The development aspect of small amplicon and the multiplex primer kit will help the scientists to prepare next generation sequencing libraries as well. These libraries will also help in forensic and bio-ancestral identification from unknown DNA sample. Nick and his coworkers found in their research that the detection capability of this process was about 7.5 pg of DNA. This is a high sensitivity detection phenomenon as compared to other c0onventional methods (De Bruyne et al, 2011). The result obtained showed that none of the non-target species in the tests showed repeated amplification or melt curve detection in the same regions (Winder et al, 2011). One of the reasons behind this finding is the lack of homology found in the primers and the test specimen (Filonzi et al, 2010). A diagnostic peak of Haddock was amplified to produce a melt peak. The result collected showed that Tm was 45 degrees Celsius and it was not miscalled. ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the delta RFU for each melt curve. The results seen in ParaDNA software measured all three melt targets. As a result, it can be said the, using this technique more than one species can be detected in one sample at the same time. The ability of detecting numerous different species composition in a single sample may allow identification of separate form of the species (Cawthorn, Steinman and Witthuhn, 2012). Another aspect of this method is that it can be used to identify different sort of animal species in food departments as well. Impact of the Research Application of these two techniques will allow a whole net domain in forensic sciences (Nielsen et al, 2012). Using detection technique through the retro transposable elements will allow a diverse detection method. Population or a single individual can be identified with the help of low amount of samples such as body fluids, blood, hair or other DNA extractable samples. In case of forensic application, criminals can be easily identified and brought to justice. In many cases, forensic cannot detect DNA samples as the sample is of low amount or in degrading condition (Hennessy et al, 2014). This technique will allow the scientists to test sample which are not in good condition. In other hand, the technique of HyBeacon will allow the forensic scientist to test samples in illegal animal poacher or other assault (Grubaugh et al, 2013). The most important aspect of this method is that, more than one species can be detected through the analysis of one single sample (Dawnay et al, 2014). Thi s increases the sphere of detection, the method is also very much time consuming and easy to develop (Ball et al, 2015). This technology is ideal for non-expert users as well. As the method is very much easier to adopt and there is no use of hazardous element, the set up for such experiments can be established in current laboratories as well. Traditional detection methods often take a numerous number of days, but in this method, the results will be collected very much sooner. It can be concluded from the analysis of these two method that if these techniques are used in current forensic studies, the identification sphere will increase as well as it will increase the specificity of the identification (Tamura et al, 2013). References Ball, G., Dawnay, N., Stafford-Allen, B., Panasiuk, M., Rendell, P., Blackman, S., Duxbury, N. and Wells, S., 2015. Concordance study between the ParaDNA Intelligence Test, a Rapid DNA profiling assay, and a conventional STR typing kit (AmpFlSTR SGM Plus).Forensic Science International: Genetics,16, pp.48-51. Caniglia, R., Fabbri, E., Greco, C., Galaverni, M. and Randi, E., 2010. Forensic DNA against wildlife poaching: identification of a serial wolf killing in Italy.Forensic Science International: Genetics,4(5), pp.334-338. Cawthorn, D., Steinman, H.A. and Witthuhn, R.C., 2012. DNA barcoding reveals a high incidence of fish misrepresentation and substitution on the South African market. Dawnay, N., Hughes, R., Court, D.S. and Duxbury, N., 2016. Species detection using HyBeacon probe technology: Working towards rapid onsite testing in non-human forensic and food authentication applications.Forensic Science International: Genetics,20, pp.103-111. Dawnay, N., Stafford-Allen, B., Moore, D., Blackman, S., Rendell, P., Hanson, E.K., Ballantyne, J., Kallifatidis, B., Mendel, J., Mills, D.K. and Nagy, R., 2014. Developmental Validation of the ParaDNA Screening System-A presumptive test for the detection of DNA on forensic evidence items.Forensic Science International: Genetics,11, pp.73-79. De Bruyne, K., Slabbinck, B., Waegeman, W., Vauterin, P., De Baets, B. and Vandamme, P., 2011. Bacterial species identification from MALDI-TOF mass spectra through data analysis and machine learning.Systematic and applied microbiology,34(1), pp.20-29. Dietmaier, W., Wittwer, C. and Sivasubramanian, N. eds., 2013.Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCRMethods and Applications: Genetics and Oncology. Springer Science Business Media. Filonzi, L., Chiesa, S., Vaghi, M. and Marzano, F.N., 2010. Molecular barcoding reveals mislabelling of commercial fish products in Italy.Food Research International,43(5), pp.1383-1388. Giampaoli, S., Berti, A., Valeriani, F., Gianfranceschi, G., Piccolella, A., Buggiotti, L., Rapone, C., Valentini, A., Ripani, L. and Spica, V.R., 2012. Molecular identification of vaginal fluid by microbial signature.Forensic Science International: Genetics,6(5), pp.559-564. Grubaugh, N.D., Petz, L.N., Melanson, V.R., McMenamy, S.S., Turell, M.J., Long, L.S., Pisarcik, S.E., Kengluecha, A., Jaichapor, B., O'Guinn, M.L. and Lee, J.S., 2013. Evaluation of a field-portable DNA microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,88(2), pp.245-253. Hennessy, L.K., Mehendale, N., Chear, K., Jovanovich, S., Williams, S., Park, C. and Gangano, S., 2014. Developmental validation of the GlobalFiler express kit, a 24-marker STR assay, on the RapidHIT System.Forensic Science International: Genetics,13, pp.247-258. Johnson, R.N., Wilson-Wilde, L. and Linacre, A., 2014. Current and future directions of DNA in wildlife forensic science.Forensic Science International: Genetics,10, pp.1-11. McLaughlin, G., Doty, K.C. and Lednev, I.K., 2014. Discrimination of human and animal blood traces via Raman spectroscopy.Forensic science international,238, pp.91-95. Nielsen, E.E., Cariani, A., Mac Aoidh, E., Maes, G.E., Milano, I., Ogden, R., Taylor, M., Hemmer-Hansen, J., Babbucci, M., Bargelloni, L. and Bekkevold, D., 2012. Gene-associated markers provide tools for tackling illegal fishing and false eco-certification.Nature Communications,3, p.851. Reischl, U., Wittwer, C. and Cockerill, F. eds., 2012.Rapid Cycle Real-Time PCRMethods and Applications: Microbiology and Food Analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Sinha, S., Murphy, G., Brown, H., Montgomery, A., Carrol, M. and Tabak, J., 2015. Retrotransposable elements: Novel and sensitive DNA markers and their application in human identity.Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series,5, pp.e627-e629. Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. and Kumar, S., 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0.Molecular biology and evolution,30(12), pp.2725-2729. Winder, L., Phillips, C., Richards, N., Ochoa Corona, F., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J. and Goldson, S., 2011. Evaluation of DNA melting analysis as a tool for species identification.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,2(3), pp.312-320.